Unveiling the Complexities of Autoimmune Disease: The Autoimmune Triad

Autoimmune diseases have long been a mystery to medical science. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, can manifest in various ways, from rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis to Crohn's disease. The variety and numbers of autoimmune diseases are continuing to increase, especially post-pandemic to over 100 types of clinically categorised diseases.

However, Dr. Alessio Fasano's groundbreaking Autoimmune Triad theory has brought us closer to understanding the intricate interplay of genetic predisposition, intestinal hyperpermeability, and environmental triggers in the development of these conditions. In this article, we delve deeper into this triad, exploring a broader spectrum of environmental triggers, including trauma, childhood experiences, and hormonal changes, and their impact on autoimmune diseases.

1. Genetic Predisposition:

Genetics serves as a foundational pillar in the development of autoimmune diseases, predisposing certain individuals to heightened immune reactivity. While numerous genes have been implicated in autoimmune conditions, including HLA genes in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, genetic predisposition alone does not dictate disease onset. In fact, a certain twin study concluded that genetics can have as much as a 30 percent influence on autoimmunity, with the majority 70 percent of influence being attributed to intestinal permeability and environmental triggers, contributing to the multifactorial nature of autoimmune diseases.

2. Intestinal Hyperpermeability:

The integrity of the gut barrier, crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis, is compromised in individuals with autoimmune diseases. Dr. Fasano's research emphasises the role of intestinal hyperpermeability, commonly known as "leaky gut," in triggering autoimmune responses. Factors such as gluten, infections, and dysbiosis disrupt gut barrier function, allowing the entry of harmful substances into the bloodstream, eliciting an immune response and contributing to systemic inflammation and the potential to trigger any genetic predispositions (if any).

3. Environmental Triggers:

Beyond genetic predisposition and gut health, environmental triggers play a significant role in the development and exacerbation of autoimmune diseases. Trauma, both physical and emotional, can have profound effects on immune function, with childhood trauma and adverse experiences increasing the risk of autoimmune conditions later in life. For instance, studies have shown a correlation between childhood trauma and conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Examples of environmental triggers encompass a wide range of experiences, including:

- Childhood Trauma: Adverse childhood experiences, such as physical or emotional abuse, neglect, or household dysfunction, have been linked to increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases in adulthood. The long-lasting effects of childhood trauma can dysregulate the immune system, contributing to chronic inflammation and autoimmune pathology.

- Relationship Breakdown and Domestic Violence: Stressful life events, such as relationship breakdowns and exposure to domestic violence, can significantly impact immune function and increase the risk of autoimmune diseases. Chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to dysregulation of inflammatory pathways and immune dysfunctions.

- Pregnancy and Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and postpartum can influence immune responses, potentially triggering or exacerbating autoimmune diseases. Conditions such as postpartum thyroiditis and gestational diabetes underscore the possible interplay between hormonal changes and immune function in autoimmune disease manifestation.

- Shock and PTSD: Acute traumatic events, including accidents, natural disasters, and military / combat exposure, can precipitate autoimmune responses in susceptible individuals. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with dysregulated immune function, chronic inflammation, and an increased risk of autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Incorporating a Holistic Approach:

Understanding the role of environmental triggers in autoimmune diseases underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach to treatment and management. While genetic predisposition and gut health remain key focal points, addressing traumatic experiences, stress management, and emotional well-being is equally essential. Mindfulness practices, psychotherapy, and support networks can empower individuals to navigate the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors contributing to autoimmune diseases.

Conclusion:

Dr. Alessio Fasano's Autoimmune Triad offers a comprehensive framework for unravelling the intricate mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases. By acknowledging the role of genetic predisposition, intestinal hyperpermeability, and environmental triggers, practitioners can recommend personalised treatment strategies that address the multifaceted nature of these conditions. Embracing a holistic approach that encompasses genetics, gut health, and psychosocial well-being is essential in empowering individuals to reclaim control over their health and quality of life amidst the challenges posed by autoimmune diseases.

If you would like to investigate the potential root cause of your autoimmune disease or autoimmunity in general, speak to me about the benefits of undertaking a Genetic Health Test and or a Gut Microbiome Test before we meet for a Holistic Health Consultation. Find more information on my website.

Health and love

Deena

References:

1. Lee, H. S., & Kim, T. (2014). The genetic background of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 29(6), 678–687.

2. Fasano, A. (2012). Leaky gut and autoimmune diseases. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 42(1), 71–78.

3. Cooper, G. S., Stroehla, B. C., & St.Clair, E. W. (2013). Autoimmune thyroid disease epidemiology. In Autoimmune diseases in endocrinology (pp. 9-23). Springer, London.